La antropometría en el reconocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular

Diana Lizette de León Medrano, María Guadalupe Muñoz Muñoz, César Ochoa

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Resumen

La enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) ocupa el primer lugar en el cuadro de morbimortalidad de casi todos los países del mundo, independientemente del status socioeconómico de las sociedades. Se imponen entonces, y con toda justificación, las estrategias que sean requeridas en la identificación y apreciación del riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). Se ha establecido la influencia de la grasa corporal, y la grasa visceral como una especialización topográfica de la misma, en la aparición y desarrollo de la ECV. En consecuencia, el RCV puede estimarse mediante indicadores tanto globales como regionales de obesidad. La antropometría puede servir para estimar el tamaño de la grasa corporal, y de esta manera, cuantificar el RCV en un sujeto que se presenta con exceso de peso corporal. La antropometría puede servir también para medir el impacto de la intervención alimentaria y nutricional en la reducción del RCV. Se espera que la incorporación de protocolos antropométricos de estimación de la grasa corporal en la práctica asistencial contribuya a un mejor reconocimiento del RCV, y de esta manera, a estrategias superiores de tratamiento de la ECV.

Palabras clave

Antropometría; Riesgo cardiovascular; Obesidad; Grasa corporal; Tejido adiposo; Grasa visceral; Pliegues cutáneos

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