Estado de la composición corporal del estudiante de la Facultad de Medicina de una universidad pública de México

Jesús Adán Ortega González, Abene Aintzane Fernández de Gamboa Orreg, Tania Bilbao Reboredo, Marcela Veléz Pliego, Enrique Torres Rasgado

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Resumen

Justificación: El alumno universitario está sujeto a vulnerabilidades nutricionales debido a los estilos de vida y alimentación que adopta durante esta etapa vital de desarrollo y formación. Estas vulnerabilidades deben reflejarse en la composición corporal del estudiante. Objetivo: Establecer el estado corriente de la composición corporal del estudiante de la Facultad de Medicina de una universidad autónoma de México. Diseño del estudio: Descriptivo, analítico. Serie de estudio: Sesenta estudiantes inscritos en 3 licenciaturas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (Puebla, México). Material y método: Los valores de la masa muscular esquelética (MM) y la grasa corporal total (GCT) del estudiante se reconstruyeron de las circunferencias de los segmentos corporales mediante técnicas antropométricas. Los valores obtenidos de las variables antropométricas de interés se contrastaron con los
puntos de corte poblacionales. Resultados: La GCT estaba elevada en el 56.7% de los estudiantes examinados. Por el contrario, la MM fue menor del punto de corte en el 70.0% de ellos. La MM fue más pronunciada en los varones: Área Muscular del Brazo: Cambio = +10.7 (p < 0.05); MM: Cambio = +6.4 (p < 0.05). Las hembras se destacaron por una mayor
GCT: Cambio = +7.3 (p < 0.05). El índice cintura-cadera fue mayor en los varones: Cambio = +0.08 (p < 0.05). Los estudiantes de la Licenciatura de Medicina concentraron la mayor proporción de valores alterados de los indicadores de adiposidad corporal. Conclusiones: En el momento actual, la adiposidad es el elemento distintivo del estudiante universitario. La
prevalencia de la adiposidad puede repercutir en la aparición de estados de insulinorresistencia.

Palabras clave

Adiposidad; Grasa corporal; Antropometría; Músculo esquelético

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